To extend a tourist visa in the USA beyond 6 months for parents, you must file Form I-539 online or by mail, an application to extend/change nonimmigrant status with USCIS, at least 45 days before their authorized stay expires (determined by I-94 or D/S on passport stamp). In this blog, I'll walk you through Form I-539 for US Visitors Visa Extension for Parents. Table of Contents: Visitor Visa Extension for Parents US Visitors Visa Extension - When to apply? US Visitors Visa Extension - Who can apply? Visitor Visa Extension for Parents' Reasons Visitor Visa Extension for Parents Sample Letter How to Apply for Visitor Visa Extension for Parents How to Fill I-539 Form for B2 Extension? Part 1. Information about you Part 2. Application Type Part 3. Processing Information Part 4. Additional Information about the Applicant Part 5. 6. and 7. Signature I-539 Supporting Documents for B2 Extension US Visitor Visa Extension for Parents - When to Apply? If your parents are in the United States on a B2 tourist visitor visa and you wish to extend their stay beyond 6 months, it's important to apply for a Visitor Visa Extension on time. First of all, please check the admit-until date or D/S (meaning Duration of Stay) on your parent's passport admission stamp or Form I-94 to determine their authorized length of stay (B2 visa) in the US. You can get the most recent I-94 using this link where you would need to enter your parent's name, DOB, and passport number. Your visa expiration date which is typically 10 years does not determine your permitted length of stay in the US. Do not assume your parents can stay for 6 months without checking the admit-until date on their passport or Form I-94. Typically, it's 6 months but it depends upon the officer who interviewed your parents at the port of entry in the US. Officers can stamp for less than 6 months as well. Related: B2 visa length of stay Now, once you know your parents' authorized length of stay, here's when you should apply for a visitor visa extension for parents: Before Your Current Visa Expires: You should apply for an extension before your current B2 visa status expires. Late applications (i.e. after authorized length of stay) are typically rejected. At Least 45 Days Before Expiration: It's advisable to apply for a B2 tourist visa extension at least 45 days before it expires to allow sufficient processing time for USCIS. Unlawful Presence: If you stay in the U.S. after your B2 tourist visa has expired and you haven't applied for an extension, you risk accruing unlawful presence, which can have serious consequences. Emergencies or Unforeseen Circumstances: In some cases, you may find yourself in a situation where you need to extend your stay due to an emergency or unforeseen circumstances. If this happens, you should apply for an extension as soon as possible and provide a clear explanation of the situation in your I-539 application. US Visitor Visa Extension for Parents - Who Can Apply? Either you or your parents can apply for a visitor visa extension but extending a B2 visitor visa in the USA after six months can be a complicated process, and approval is not always guaranteed. But as long as you have filed a visitor visa extension before your parent's authorized stay ends, you are safe. To apply for a visitor visa extension, your parents should have entered the country with a B2 tourist visa and currently be in the United States under the B2 status. Next, we will discuss in brief what reasons you can provide to request a visitor visa extension for parents. Visitor Visa Extension for Parents' Reasons Typical visitor visa extension reasons for parents include: Medical treatment: If your parents require medical treatment in the U.S., they can apply for a visitor visa extension to ensure they receive the necessary care. Further tourism: Parents might decide to visit more places or engage in additional tourist activities beyond the original visa duration. Family events, or some special occasion: Extensions are often requested for attending family events like weddings, graduations, or important celebrations. Unexpected events, or travel delays: Unforeseen circumstances or travel delays can also necessitate a visa extension to cover the extra days needed in the U.S. For all the visitor visa extension reasons, you must be able to demonstrate that your extended stay is for a temporary purpose only. You can read about B2 visa extension reasons in detail here. Visitor Visa Extension for Parents Sample Letter This is one of the sample letters of visitor visa extensions for parents. You can find more samples here. [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] [USCIS Service Center Address] [City, State, ZIP] Subject: Request for Visitor Visa Extension for Parents Dear Sir/Madam, I'm writing to request an extension of my parents' visitor visas. Their visas are set to expire on [Current Visa Expiration Date], and I'd like to extend their stay by [Number of Months Requested] months. My parents, [Parent's Name] and [Parent's Name], came to the U.S. on [Date of Arrival] for tourism. They've had a great time exploring the country, but they haven't seen all the places they wanted to visit due to travel delays and the size of the U.S. I'm requesting an extension to give them more time to complete their travel plans. They will continue to follow the visa rules and leave the country when the extension ends. I've enclosed the required documents, including: Copies of my parents' valid passports. Their travel itinerary for the extension period. Proof of their financial ability to support themselves. Documents showing their ties to our home country, [Parent's Home Country]. Your quick consideration of this request would help fulfill their travel aspirations in the U.S. Thank you for your attention to this matter. If you need more information, please contact me at [Your Contact Information]. Sincerely, [Your Name] How to Apply for Visitor Visa Extension for Parents To extend a visitor visa for parents you must submit Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status, along with any required documentation and the appropriate filing fee. Either you can hire an attorney or you can file it yourself, the process is very simple. I have discussed filing by mail below but you can also file it online, the overall process remains the same. How to Fill I-539 Form for B2 Extension? Here's a general guideline on how to fill out Form I-539 for a tourist visa extension: Download the Form: Download the most recent version of Form I-539 from the USCIS website. Read the Instructions: Before filling out the form, read the instructions. This will help you understand the requirements, supporting documents, and any special instructions for your specific situation. Part 1. Information about you This part is self-explanatory. Provide your parent's full name. Enter your current U.S. physical and mailing address where USCIS should send all correspondence related to your application. Enter the country of birth, citizenship, date of birth, and date of last arrival into the US. Provide the I-94 arrival-departure record number and passport number. Note: You can mention your name 'In Care Of Name' if your parents are staying with you. Part 1. Information about you (continued) 14 a. & 14 b. Enter the country of passport and expiration date of your passport 15 a. & 15 b. Check your visa stamp to see the visa type. Select from the drop-down menu "B2 - Temporary Visitor for Pleasure" or "B1 - Temporary Visitor for Business" based on your visa type. Part 2. Application Type As you are applying for an extension, check box '2'. If you are applying for the extension of one parent, check box '4'. If both parents or more family members are applying for an extension then check box '5a', and write the total number of applicants in '5b', including yourself. For example, if your mom and dad, both need an extension then write '2' in '5b'. You have to fill out supplementary Form I-539A for each co-applicant. Part 3. Processing Information Mention the date to which you would like to request the extension. Remember that you can not request an extension beyond 6 months. In the above example, I have requested 4 months of extension i.e. from 06/30/2023 (mentioned in 15 b.) to 10/30/2023. Provide return air tickets matching the requested extension dates. This will help your application show your intention to go back to your home country, and you have a fair chance of getting extension approval. Assuming you are requesting an extension for the first time and you don't have any pending cases with USCIS, check 'No' for 2 a. and enter 'N/A' for 4. Part 4. Additional Information about the Applicant Item 1. Provide passport details only if it's different from Part 1. Otherwise, leave it blank. Item 2. Provide your foreign address, basically your home country address. For Items 3 to 15. For these questions, mostly your answer should be 'No'. But if you choose 'Yes', provide additional information in Part 8. Be sure to reference the page number, part number, and item number in Part 8 while explaining. Part 5. 6. and 7. Item 1 a. Check this box if your parents can understand English, provide contact information, sign the form, and leave parts 6 (Interpreter's detail) and 7 (Preparer's detail) blank. Item 1 b. Check this box if your parents can't understand English and you helped them interpret the form. Mention the language your parent is fluent in, and fill out part 6 (Interpreter's details). Item 2. Check this box if someone else prepared the form other than the above two options, and fill out part 7. I-539 Supporting Documents for B2 Extension You would need to mail the following supporting documents for a B2 visitor visa extension for your parents. Completed form I-539 with a filing fee of $370 Completed supplementary form I-539a [if any] Cover letter explaining your reason Photocopies of parents' passports and visa I-94 copy Financial proof to support your extended stay Documents to support your visitor visa extension request based on your reason like Travel itinerary Letter from physician Medical bills or reports Event ceremony proof Return flight ticket Extended stay hotel bills You can find the I-539 mailing addresses here. After mailing your documents to USCIS and receiving a receipt number, your stay in the U.S. remains in good standing. While approval may take a few months, it should not pose any issues for your lawful stay. Next: B2 Visa Extension Reasons Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How to apply for a tourist visa for your parents? ✔ Sponsorship letter for tourist visa Related Topics

Usually, if someone from India wants to visit the USA for tourism, they need to obtain a US tourist visa, also known as a B2 tourist visa. There are two main types of visas for the US: one for a short-term visit (called a nonimmigrant visa) and another for permanent residence (called an immigrant visa). A B2 tourist visa falls under the short-term visit category. It's for individuals who want to visit the U.S. temporarily for tourism, vacation, visiting family and friends, or medical treatment. By reading this blog, you will not only learn about applying for a US tourist visa from India but most importantly you will discover the key secrets for a successful application. Table of Contents: Tourist Visa for USA from India Introduction US Tourist Visa from India, Open? Sponsor for Tourist Visa USA US Tourist Visa Cost for Indian Tourist Visa for USA from India Wait Time US Visa Appointment Available Dates (India) Apply for a U.S. Visa in India Tourist Visa USA Requirements Purpose and Duration of Travel Intention to Leave Financial Stability FAQs on Tourist Visa for USA from India US Tourist Visa from India, Open? This would be the first question coming to anyone's mind if the US tourist visa application is currently open or not. The answer is yes, US tourist visa applications from India are currently open. For the latest updates, it's advisable to check the USCIS website. Situations like COVID-19 can cause delays in US tourist visa applications. During the pandemic, there was a significant delay in obtaining a US tourist visa. However, the situation has improved, and now you can secure a visa appointment more quickly. Sponsor for US Tourist Visa The next question that might come to your mind is whether you need a sponsor for a US tourist visa while applying from India. The answer is no; a sponsor is not required to apply for a B2 tourist visa. Even if you don't have any friends, family, or relatives there, you can still apply for a tourist visa to visit the US. If you have a stable financial background and meet other visa requirements, obtaining a US tourist visa without a sponsor is easily achievable. However, if you have someone in the US who can sponsor you, you can always request them to provide an invitation letter or sponsorship letter. It's optional, though. US Tourist Visa Cost for Indian The current cost for a US tourist visa from India is 12,000 INR per person. However, this amount may change in the future. Along with the tourist visa fee, you need to prove your financial stability by demonstrating available funds in your account. It's advisable to show a minimum of 3 lakh rupees in an Indian account associated with the applicant. US Tourist Visa from India Wait Time The current wait time for a US tourist visa from India is: New Delhi: 253 days Mumbai: 268 days Chennai: 260 days Kolkata: 240 days Please note that these wait times can vary significantly depending on when you plan to visit and where you are applying from. India has four visa application centers: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. You can always check the current wait times on the USCIS website. You can change your appointment date up to four times (not counting the first one) without any problem. But if you cancel the fourth attempt, you have to wait for 90 days before picking a new date. Moreover, after you schedule your visa interview, you can choose to change the appointment to an earlier date if there are available slots. There's a good chance you might find an earlier date, so it's a good idea to keep an eye out. US Visa Appointment Available Dates (India) You can not see the current US visa appointment available dates without completing the DS-160 form and paying the appointment fee. You need to complete the DS-160 form, and pay the MRV fees, and using that receipt number you can move forward to make an appointment for biometrics and an interview. Note that if you are age: 13 and younger: Generally interview is not required From 14 to 79: Interview required 80 and older: Generally interview is not required Apply for a U.S. Visa in India Briefly, to apply for a U.S. Tourist Visa in India, you need to follow these 6 steps: Understand your visa type Complete your DS-160 online application Pay your visa fee of 12,000 INR (per person) Schedule your appointment Attend your interview (in person) Track your passport If Approved: Book return tickets and make travel arrangements to fly to the US. If Denied: At the end of the interview, you will receive your passport along with a letter detailing the reasons for the visa refusal. Assess the reasons for denial, consider addressing any issues, and potentially reapply if appropriate. US Tourist Visa Requirements For a US tourist visa application from India, there are five main requirements: A valid original Indian passport DS-160 confirmation page MRV fee payment receipt, Appointment confirmation page Two passport-size photographs. Generally, it's not required since the photograph is taken during biometrics. However, it's good to keep them just in case the service center faces any technical issues. Other supporting documents depending on the purpose of travel like Identity, address proofs, employment letters, financial proofs (bank statements), marriage certificates, family photographs, etc. Always keep in mind three things for a successful Tourist Visa to the USA from India: Clearly state the purpose and duration of your trip. Show your intention to leave the United States after your visit. Demonstrate your capability to cover all the costs of your trip. Purpose and Duration of Travel To successfully obtain a B2 tourist visa, it's important to know why you're going (purpose) and how long you plan to stay (duration). Clearly understand your purpose, whether it's for tourism, to see family, or for medical treatment, and make sure to have enough documents to support your reasons when asked during the interview. Keep in mind that you can stay in the US for up to six months in one go. Despite this, always express your intention to leave the country once your visit is over (even if you are not completing six months). Related: B2 visa length of stay If you're obtaining a US tourist visa for medical treatment: Get a note from your local doctor explaining your illness and why you need treatment in the United States. Ask a U.S. doctor or medical place to write a letter saying they can treat you. They should also mention how long the treatment will take and how much it will cost, covering doctor fees, hospital charges, and other medical costs. If you're obtaining a US tourist visa to visit family or friends: It's a good idea to have a sponsor letter with you. Although no one might ask you directly, having this letter can support what you say about visiting someone. Here is an example. If you're obtaining a US tourist visa for tourism or social events: Know the places you plan to visit, where you'll stay, and how long you'll be at each place. If you have a travel itinerary, it's a good idea to keep it during the B2 visa interview. Intention to Leave Show your ties to India, things that connect you to your home country like your job, family, investments, etc. You can use documents such as lease agreements, utility bills, employment letters, tax returns, bank statements, recent pay slips, marriage certificates, and photos that show immediate family members in your home country. Letters from family members confirming your relationship can also help. Related: Things to know about the USA Financial Stability Show proof that you or someone else will pay for your travel, medical bills, and stay in the US. This could be your bank statements, proof of income or savings, or official copies of tax returns from either you or the person/organization covering the trip. FAQs on Tourist Visa for USA from India Can I look for a job in the us with a tourist visa? People with business and tourist visas can now apply for new jobs in the US. You can even go for job interviews with the same visa. However, the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) says you must change your visa before you start working. Can I sponsor my friend to the USA for a B2 visa? Simply put, you can't apply for a B2 visa for someone else. Each person must apply for their visa, and they need to go to the interview themselves. But, if you're a U.S. citizen or a green card holder, you can help and support a family member or friend who is applying for a tourist visa. How long does it take for a B2 visa to be approved? Once you send in the DS-160 form, it usually takes USCIS about 1-2 months to review and process the B-2 visa application. Next: B2 visa interview questions Related Posts ✔ Tourist visa extension beyond 180 days ✔ Tourist visa rejection reasons Related Topics

I am sharing the J2 EAD application sample cover letter which we used for filing our J2 visa EAD and extension. Our J2 EAD was approved every time (including renewal/extension). J2 EAD cover letter is almost the same for first-time applications and renewals. Please update the grey area according to your details. Hopefully, J2 visa holders find this cover letter helpful in getting EAD. J2 EAD Cover Letter (sample) Date, Month, Year To: United States Citizenship and Immigration Service RE: Request for J2 employment authorization Dear Sir/madam, My name is applicant name and I live in the United States in J-2 status accompanying my spouse, J1 visa holder name (J1 exchange visitor, SEVIS No. _________) who is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Riverside. I am applying for an extension of my J2 work authorization. My spouse earns $_____ annually, sufficient to cover our day-to-day expenses. I wish to continue my employment in order to experience the American workplace culture. The income from my job will be used to pursue my own career interests like part-time master's classes and other recreational/cultural activities and NOT to support my wife/husband. I respectfully request you to grant me a work authorization extension. Thank you in advance for your consideration of this application. Sincerely, Enclosed are all the required documents for my application: 1. Filing fee check, Photographs & I-765 application 2. Copy of I-797A 3. Copy of latest I-94 (applicant name) 4. Copy of DS-2019 (applicant name) 5. Copy of all pages of passport and visa (applicant name) 6. Copy of DS-2019, last 3 months pay stubs (J1 visa holder name) 7. Copy of I-94, Passport, and visa (J1 visa holder name) 8. Marriage Certificate That's all, please feel free to modify the documents list accordingly. Everyone has different types of supporting documents. I have indicated how I use to file it. Those numbers (1 to 8) denote the exact sequence of how you arrange the document in the file. Tip: Buy a file that has numbering/labelling on sides so that you can arrange the documents accordingly. USCIS officer will be happy if you arrange and post your documents neatly. File like this, you can find on Amazon or Walmart (search for file folders with numbers/labels). Next: Passport renewal Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How long can I stay after my J1 visa expires ✔ J1 visa waiver application process end-to-end ✔ How to convert from a J1 visa to H1B ✔ How to apply for J2 EAD ✔ How to apply for an OCI card Related Topics

Most J1 visas are subject to the 2-year rule if not all. This requirement is a part of U.S. law, specifically in the Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 212(e); therefore, it is also known as the 212(e) rule. According to the J1 visa 2-year rule, once you finish working on a J1 visa, you need to return to your home country for two years before being eligible to apply for any other type of visa (e.g., H1, L1, etc.). If you do not wish to return and want to continue your stay in the U.S., you need to obtain a waiver from the Department of Homeland Security. I, too, was subjected to the J1 visa 2-year rule, and to continue my stay in the U.S., I obtained a J1 waiver. I documented my entire journey in obtaining the J1 waiver; please check it out here. Related: How to obtain a J1 waiver? If you are subjected to the J1 visa 2-year rule, then to change your visa to a different visa type or to obtain permanent residency, you must obtain a waiver or fulfill the home residency requirement. Still, several questions arise in one's mind, including mine, and I have tried to answer them here. How do I know that I am subjected to the J1 visa 2-year home residency rules? Check your DS-2019 (current or previous) to determine if you are subject to the 212(e) rule. Alternatively, you can also check your J1 visa stamp. The J1 visa stamp will state that 'Bearer is subject to Section 212(e), and the two-year home residency rule does apply.' In my case, it was indicated on my J1 visa stamp. Who is subjected to the J1 visa 2-year home residency rules? International visitors are subjected to this rule if they fall under any of these criteria. If a J1 exchange visitor is here to receive medical education or training If J1 exchange visitors funding comes partially or fully from the US government or a foreign government If the J1 exchange visitors field is on the skills list specific to his or her home country. For the complete list please check out the USCIS website What are the J2 visa travel restrictions? The immigration status of a J-2 holder is closely linked to that of the J-1 principal. While a J-1 visa holder can temporarily travel outside the USA (e.g., for a conference or business trip), leaving J-2 dependents alone in the USA for more than 30 days is not permitted. Will J2 be also subjected to the home residency rule? If the J1 visa holder is subjected to 2 year home residency requirement then the J2 is automatically subjected as well. How do I apply for a waiver from 212(e) or the 2-year home residency rule? Please check out my blog here: J1 waiver end-to-end process Do I need to file separate waivers for J1 and J2? No, once the J1 visa holder is granted a waiver by the Department of Homeland Security then all its J2 dependents will get the waiver automatically. I am not a lawyer, but I'm sharing my J1 visa journey. Keep in mind to check USCIS websites for recent updates. Feel free to drop any questions in the comment section, and I'll do my best to provide answers. Next page Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How long can I stay after my J1 visa expires ✔ How to convert from a J1 visa to H1B ✔ How to apply for J2 EAD Related Topics

The most common US visa rejection reasons for B1/B2 tourist visas are insufficient ties to the home country, financial insufficiency, an unclear purpose of visit, incomplete documentation, a criminal history, and sometimes, a lack of travel history. It can be hard to find just one main reason why US tourist visas (B1/B2 visas) are often denied, but one common reason is usually not having strong connections to your home country. The counselor officer needs to be convinced that you have good reasons to go back home after you visit the US. If you don't have a permanent job, family connections, or important things like a house in your home country, it might be seen as a problem. Table of Contents: US Visa Rejection Reasons Lack of strong ties to the home country Inaccurate documentation or conflicting information Insufficient funds Criminal record or previous immigration violations or overstays Lack of travel history Failure to demonstrate intent to return FAQs US Visa Rejection Reasons - Introduction In this blog, I will talk about why people often don't get approved for a US visa. I've applied for a B1/B2 visa for my family many times, so I know a lot about why tourist visas can be turned down. I'll explain all the reasons in simple terms and share what I've learned from those experiences. Plus, I'll give tips on how to make your chances of getting approved better. Lack of strong ties to the home country If the consular officer believes that the applicant does not have sufficient ties to their home country, such as a stable job, property, or family, they may view the applicant as having a higher risk of overstaying in the United States. The consular officers need to be convinced that the applicant has strong reasons to return home after they visit the US. To address concerns about a "lack of strong ties to the home country," you can provide: Employment Verification Letter from your employer, or employment letter Recent pay stubs Financial Statements Bank statements with sufficient funds Family Ties Marriage or birth certificates Letter from a family member Property Ties Property ownership documents If renting, provide lease agreements Educational Ties Enrollment or acceptance documents Business Ties Business registration or tax records Return Flight Reservation Round-trip flight reservation Inaccurate Documentation or Conflicting Information Failing to provide complete and accurate documentation to support the purpose of the trip or other required information can lead to a visa rejection. Also, providing inconsistent or conflicting information during the visa interview or on the application form can lead to a rejection. It is essential to provide accurate and consistent information throughout the process. Related: B2 visa interview questions It's really important to thoroughly review the information you are providing in the DS-160 form, and if possible get it reviewed by someone else. Make sure your supporting documentation has up-to-date and accurate information. Insufficient Funds If you can't show you have enough money to pay for your trip to the United States, it might make the counselor officer worry that you won't be able to take care of yourself while you're in the US. This could lead to them saying no to your visa request. I've seen rejections not because I didn't have enough money but because I didn't know about this. I always make sure that the bank statement has at least 2.5 lakhs or more (for the B2 visa applicant). Related: How to apply for a B2 visa for parents? Criminal Record or Previous Immigration Violations or Overstays If you have a history of committing crimes or breaking immigration laws, it might cause concerns and lead to your visa being denied. This is especially true if the violations are seen as serious or related to security issues. There isn't much you can do to change this, so it's important to be honest if the consular officer asks about your history. Furthermore, having a history of visa violations or overstaying a previous visit to the United States can significantly impact your chances of obtaining a new visa. To increase your chances of approval, it's crucial to avoid overstays during your visits to the US. Lack of Travel History Applicants who have never traveled outside their home country or have a limited travel history may face greater scrutiny, as they may be perceived as having a higher risk of visa misuse or potential immigration violations. If you've been to another country before and you're applying for a US visa, it's better for your chances. Also, when you visit the US again, the officer might not ask you as many questions as the first time because they know you plan to go back, and you've shown that with your past travels. Failure to Demonstrate Intent to Return A crucial factor in obtaining a B1/B2 visa is demonstrating a genuine intention to return to the home country after the visit. If the consular officer believes that the applicant has immigrant intent or plans to overstay in the United States, they may deny the visa. FAQs How many times can you enter the US on a B1/B2 visa? A B1/B2 visa for the United States is typically issued for multiple entries. This means that, during the validity period of the visa, you can enter and exit the U.S. multiple times. The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers at the port of entry will make the final decision regarding entry based on your eligibility and the purpose of your visit. How soon can I reapply for a U.S. visa after refusal? If your U.S. visa application is denied, there is no specific waiting period before you can reapply. However, it is generally advisable to wait until your circumstances have significantly changed or until you can address the specific reasons for the previous rejection. Next: B1/B2 Sponsorship Letter Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How to apply for H4 EAD? ✔ How to extend a B2 visa after 6 months? Related Topics

The reason I'm writing this blog is that I frequently receive questions from my readers about the J1 Visa Waiver Attorney Fee. If you are in search of the best J1 Visa Waiver Attorney due to being subject to the 2-year home residency requirement (212(e)) and requiring a J1 waiver, I want to assure you that hiring a qualified J1 Visa Waiver Attorney may not always be necessary. Table of Contents: J1 Visa Waiver Attorney Fee Is the J1 Visa Waiver Attorney Fee Worth the Investment? How to Obtain a J1 waiver? J1 Waiver Processing Time Best J1 Waiver Lawyers This post is specifically written for Indian J1 visa holders. However, I've also known many people from various countries who handled it themselves, but you are the right person to decide what you want to do, as everyone has different cases. I have already detailed the steps to obtain a J1 waiver in my blogs. I will still share the list of known J1 visa lawyers who can help you with the J1 waiver application, but please read this article before you waste your hard-earned money.💰 Is the J1 Visa Waiver Attorney Fee Worth the Investment? First of all, no matter which J1 waiver lawyer you hire or what the J1 visa waiver attorney fee is, you will still need to invest your own time in the process of obtaining a J1 waiver. You have to go there yourself or send someone to government offices in India to get clearance certificates (No Objection Certificates). Even a qualified J1 waiver lawyer can't do this for you. J1 visa waiver attorney fees are worth the expense if you have specific legal requirements. Lawyers will simply assist you with the J1 waiver application and review your documents (tasks you can do on your own). J1 waiver paperwork is not as complex as filing for a green card (specifically EB1a), which requires thorough documentation and is a situation where you definitely need a lawyer. Getting a J1 waiver is a time-consuming process, but a J1 visa waiver lawyer won't handle the essential physical work required to obtain the waiver. Let me provide you with an example you're likely familiar with government offices in India, especially regional state offices. It's unlike a DMV appointment in the United States, where you can book a time or simply walk in. Well, the DMV isn't the best comparison, but I'm trying to paint a picture for you. DMV offices are often considered among the least welcoming places in the United States. Related: How to expedite J1 waiver? The J1 visa waiver attorney fee is high, and it will cost you a lot of bucks. Why not just save it for some good work? I have gone through the J1 waiver process myself, hence sharing my experience. I'm not telling anyone to follow my path, but I'm offering some guidance because this process can get complicated. I'm not a lawyer, but I was a J-1 visa holder (a research scholar) who was subjected to the 2-year residency rule (just like you) and who went through this painful process without having to pay J1 visa waiver attorney fees. OK, How to Obtain a J1 waiver? Thank you for making up your mind and understanding. Hopefully, my blogs can help you save on J1 waiver attorney fees. I am going to guide you through the end-to-end process for getting a J1 waiver and even help you with questions, or any doubts. I am already doing that with my published blogs, there are hundreds of people discussing like you, and helping each other. You can start from here. J1 Waiver Processing Time On a high level, there are three steps involved in obtaining a J1 waiver, and overall processing time is typically 1 to 1.5 years for India. Keep in mind that the J1 waiver processing time can differ, as it's hard to predict exact timings, but you can check out my timeline here for reference. I've included links for each step. If you follow them, it can make getting your J1 waiver easier. Some folks ask me if they should hire a lawyer, and I usually say no. But it's really your call because each case is unique, and some might benefit from a lawyer. If your case has no complications, I hope this blog can assist you. Best J1 Waiver Lawyers These are the best J1 visa waiver attorneys I am aware of, and you will find them reliable for their J1 visa waiver attorney fees and services. Chen Immigration Ellis Porter Jasmine Kai Disclaimer: I'm not receiving any financial benefit💰or any other form of compensation for listing these lawyers' names. I'm sharing their names solely based on my personal experience. Next: J1 Waiver - Introduction Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How long can I stay after my J1 visa expires? ✔ How to convert from a J1 visa to H1B? ✔ How to apply for J2 EAD? Related Topics

No visa is required to travel to Canada if you are a US citizen or a green card holder (permanent resident). If you are planning to visit Canada you must carry the following documents. A valid passport from your home country, or a US passport if you are a US citizen A valid green card if you are a permanent resident US green card holders are considered permanent residents and they can travel to Canada without a visa. Traveling to Canada via land, sea, or flight? Traveling to Canada by driving is relatively easier than a flight if you are a green card holder. The unique relationship between Canada and US has led to special immigration treatment for Canadian and US citizens, and permanent residents. Related post: How to apply for B1/B2 visa for parents? You still need to carry a valid travel document like a passport from your home country and a green card if you are not a US citizen. Green card holders can not have US passports. Once you get US citizenship you can just travel with a US passport. You don't need a travel visa to cross the border. Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) If you want to travel by air, then you would need one additional document which is Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA). You can file it online from the following link. Canada immigration: Electronic Travel Authorization How long can you stay in Canada? You can stay up to 6 months and if needed you can further request an extension. You can not work or study in Canada during this stay. How to get an eTA? eTA is like a travel visa which you can apply for online. It's pretty simple to get. You just need your valid passport, and a valid email address and you need to pay a minimal fee of $7 (Canadian dollars). You can pay via debit or credit card, there are plenty of options. Canada immigration: Online eTA application This fee might change in the future but as of today, it's just this amount. Once you get eTA it's valid for a maximum of 5 years or if your passport has early expiry then the passport expiry date whichever comes first. Make sure you fill in the passport number correctly while filling out the form. After getting the eTA cross check your passport number on the eTA. If it's incorrect then reapply otherwise you will not be allowed to board a Canadian flight. It's always better to check these details in advance instead of just before boarding the flight. Non-US Citizens and GC holders If you are neither a US citizen nor a green card holder like H1B, L, J, M, etc.. type visa holder then you would need a visa to travel to Canada. To work and study you would further need a different type of visa. Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ Indian Passport Renewal ✔ How to apply for an OCI card Related Topics

EB-1 extraordinary ability examples that will help strengthen your resume and boost your chances of EB1 green card approval. # Become a Reviewer in the Journal To enhance your credentials consider becoming a reviewer in a reputed journal. A minimum of 20 reviews completed would be advantageous for your case. The more the better. How to become a reviewer? Mostly you need to have a Ph.D. degree before you start reviewing manuscripts. A Ph.D. will show your knowledge and skills in a particular field. Then you can email the journal editor you are interested in and offer them that you would like to volunteer as a reviewer. Mainly the editors will start sending you manuscripts to review by enrolling your email ID to their journals. # Become an Editor or Guest Editor To become a guest editor you need to identify potential journals in your field of expertise that publishes content related to your research. Then you must contact the journal's editorial team and express your interest in serving as a guest editor. You need to provide your updated CV with your current affiliation. If the editorial team is interested in you they might ask you to submit a proposal for a special issue. Once your proposal is accepted you will be responsible for soliciting and reviewing submissions from potential contributors. You might also need to invite people to submit your special issue. Finally, you need to edit and curate the content of the special issue and also help with the publication process. Becoming an editor might be tough since you need to have an advanced degree and good relevant experience in related fields of research, including writing, publishing, or editing. Having said that it is not impossible you can look for editorial positions and apply patiently. If this is your first time becoming an editor you can start with low-impact factor journals and then slowly look for higher-impact factor journals. # Improving Citation Index Having a good google scholar citation index is very helpful for the green card process since it refelts your work's national and internal recognition. You can wait for your citation to improve over time, or if it is already good then that's a heads up. A good google scholar citation is ideally more than 100 but if you have less something around that, it will also work. Having a google scholar citation of less than 50 is a red flag but I have seen people getting green cards even with that low citation index, so everything at the end relies on the officer. Also, what matters is your field of research because in some fields like engineering it is extremely tough to have very good citations while in other fields you can have more than 100 citations easily, so officers know this thing as well. Also, self-citation is not helpful since you need to show that your work has been cited by others from different countries. If someone has cited your paper in the methodology section then that is a big thing since they are using your methods rather than just having an introduction citation. One needs to work on their citation carefully. # Applying for Reputed Grants Having your own grants/funding also counts and it will definitely help strengthen your case, but if you don't have one, it's okay. I didn't have any reputed grants when I applied for a green card under the EB1 category. # Patents (Implementation Counts) Patents will also help to showcase your work's significance. But keep in mind that the implementation of your patent work counts since anyone can patent a new thing. But as long as people are using it that will show the use of patent. # How many publications for EB1 There is no set number of publications required for the EB1 green card category. One way to demonstrate extraordinary ability is through publications, but it is not the only way. That being said, many successful EB-1 applicants have a significant record of publications, as this is one way to demonstrate their expertise and contributions to their field. However, the number of publications required will vary depending on the individual's specific field and the standards of excellence in that field. I have seen people getting EB1a approval even with 5 publications and with 50+ publications as well, so it depends on their field and the impact factor of publication. Conclusion There are several other ways but most of the people who get green cards (including me) had the following things. a) Citation index (500+) b) Reviewer in journals (20+) c) Guest editor/editors Hopefully, you find this blog helpful. If you have any questions please feel free to comment below. I will be happy to help. Please note that I am not a lawyer, but I am sharing my experience might help you improvise your case for green card approval. Good luck! Next: Expediting green card Related Posts ✔ Go to Main Menu ✔ How to convert from a J1 visa to H1B ✔ EB1 Green Card - How to file I-140 Related Topics

This post include Big Data Spark Interview Questions and Answers for experienced and beginners. If you are a beginner don't worry, answers are explained in detail. These are very frequently asked Data Engineer Interview Questions which will help you to crack big data job interview. What is Apache Spark? According to Spark documentation, Apache Spark is a fast and general-purpose in-memory cluster computing system. It provides high-level APIs in Java, Scala, Python and R, and an optimized engine that supports general execution graphs. It also supports a rich set of higher-level tools including Spark SQL for SQL and structured data processing, MLlib for machine learning, GraphX for graph processing, and Spark Streaming. In simple terms, Spark is a distributed data processing engine which supports programming language like Java, Scala, Python and R. In core, Spark engine has four built-in libraries which supports Spark SQL, Machine Learning, Spark Streaming and GraphX. What is Apache Spark used for? Apache Spark is used for real time data processing. Implementing Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes. Implementing machine learning algorithms and create interactive dashboards for data analytics. Apache Spark is also used to store petabytes of data with data distributed over cluster with thousands of nodes. How does Apache Spark work? Spark uses master-slave architecture to distribute data across worker nodes and process them in parallel. Just like mapreduce, Spark has a central coordinator called driver and rest worker nodes as executors. Driver communicates with the executors to process the data. Why is Spark faster than Hadoop mapreduce? One of the drawbacks of Hadoop mapreduce is that it holds full data into HDFS after running each mapper and reducer job. This is very expensive because it consumes lot of disk I/O and network I/O. While in Spark, there are two processes transformations and actions. Spark doesn't write or hold the data in memory until an action is called. Thus, it reduces disk I/O and network I/O. Another innovation is in-memory caching where you can instruct Spark to hold input data in-memory so that program doesn't have to read data again from disk, thus reducing disk I/O. Is Hadoop required for spark? No, Hadoop file system is not required for Spark. However for better performance, Spark can use HDFS-YARN if required. Is Spark built on top of Hadoop? No. Spark is totally independent of Hadoop. What is Spark API? Apache Spark has basically three sets of APIs (Application Program Interface) - RDDs, Datasets and DataFrames that allow developers to access the data and run various functions across four different languages - Java, Scala, Python and R. What is Spark RDD? Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) are basically an immutable collection of elements which is used as fundamental data structure in Apache Spark. These are logically partitioned data across thousands of nodes in your cluster that can be accessed and computed in parallel. RDD was the primary Spark API since Apache Spark foundation. Which are the methods to create RDD in spark? There are mainly two methods to create RDD. Parallelizing - sc.parallelize() Reference external dataset - sc.textFile() Read - Spark context parallelize and reference external dataset example. When would you use Spark RDD? RDDs are used for unstructured data like streams of media texts, when schema and columnar format of data is not mandatory requirement like accessing data by column name and any other tabular attributes. Secondly, RRDs are used when you want full control over physical distribution of data. What is SparkContext, SQLContext, SparkSession and SparkConf? SparkContext tells Spark driver application whether to access the cluster through a resource manager or to run locally in standalone mode. The resource manager can be YARN, or Spark's cluster manager. SparkConf stores configuration parameters that Spark driver application passes to SparkContext. These parameters define properties of Spark driver application which is used by Spark to allocate resources on the cluster. Such as the number, memory size and cores used by the executors running on the worker nodes. SQLContext is a class which is used to implement Spark SQL. You need to create SparkConf and SparkContext first in order to implement SQLContext. It is basically used for structured data when you want to implement schema and run SQL. All three - SparkContext, SparkConf and SQLContext are encapsulated within SparkSession. In newer version you can directly implement Spark SQL with SparkSession. What is Spark checkpointing? Spark checkpointing is a process that saves the actual intermediate RDD data to a reliable distributed file system. It's the process of saving intermediate stage of a RDD lineage. You can do it by calling checkpoint, RDD.checkpoint() while developing the Spark driver application. You need to set up checkpoint directory where Spark can store these intermediate RDDs by calling RDD.setCheckpointDir(). What is an action in Spark and what happens when it's executed? Action triggers execution of RDD lineage graph, loads original data from disk to create intermediate RDDs, performs all transformations and returns the final output to the Spark driver program or writes the data to file system (based on the type of action). According to Spark documentation, following are the list of actions. What is Spark Streaming? Spark Streaming is an extension of the core Spark API that enables scalable, high-throughput, fault-tolerant stream processing of live data streams. Data can be ingested from many sources like Kafka, Flume, Kinesis, or TCP sockets, and can be processed using complex algorithms expressed with high-level functions like map, reduce, join and window. Finally, processed data can be pushed out to filesystems, databases, and live dashboards. In fact, you can apply Spark’s machine learning and graph processing algorithms on data streams. Reference: Apache Spark documentation Login to see more; What is difference between RDDs, DataFrame and dataset? Why is spark RDD immutable? Are spark DataFrames immutable? Are spark DataFrames distributed? What is Spark stage? How does SQL spark work? What is spark executor and how does it work? How will you improve Apache Spark performance? What is spark SQL Warehouse Dir? What is Spark shell? How would you open and close it? How will you clear the screen on spark shell? What is parallelize in spark? Does spark SQL require hive? What is Metastore in hive? What does repartition and coalesce do in spark? What is spark mapPartitions? What is difference between MAP and flatMap in spark? What is spark reduceByKey? What is lazy evaluation in spark? What is accumulator in spark? Can RDD be shared between SparkContexts? What happens if RDD partition is lost due to worker node failure? Which serialization libraries are supported in spark? What is cluster manager in spark? Questions? Feel free to write in comments section below. Thank you.

In this post, you will learn how to download and install SQL Server 2014 from an ISO image. I will also download the AdventureWorks sample database and load it into our SQL server 2014. Downloading ISO image 1. You can download the SQL Server from this link. But in case of the link changes, you can Google - "download SQL server enterprise evaluation" and it will show you the results below. Related: How to file B1/B2 visa for parents? 2. Open the link highlighted above and you will find all the latest SQL Servers available. I am installing SQL Server 2014 for this post. As its old version, it is very stable. 3. Click on the little plus sign and select the iso image to download. 4. Fill out these details and hit continue. 5. Select your platform based on your system properties whether it's 32-bit or 64-bit (Go to your control panel and look for system properties). The download will take approximately 10 minutes based on your network. It's a ~3 GB ISO file. Make sure you have enough space on your computer to perform this installation. Run ISO image 1. Once the download is complete, double-click on the ISO file and it will automatically mount on your drive as shown below. If it doesn't mount automatically you can use WinRAR to unzip the ISO file. 2. Open the drive to run the setup. SQL Server 2014 Installation 1. Setup will take some time (approx. a minute) to open. You will get this screen. 2. Go to the Installation tab as shown above and click on New SQL Server stand-alone installation. 3. Click next, you can select check for updates or leave it as default. 4. This step will take some time (approx. 5 mins) when it will install setup files. 5. Finally, you will get this screen. Click Next. 6. I have SQL Server Express edition running on my machine so we are seeing this option. We will just continue with the new installation default option. 7. Keep this edition as Evaluation and hit Next. 8. Check the box to accept license terms and hit Next. 9. Select SQL Server Feature Installation and hit Next. 10. Select all the features and hit Next as shown below. 11. Enter the name of the instance, I have named it "SQL2014" and hit Next. 12. Leave it as default and hit Next as shown below. 13. Just leave the default as Windows authentication for simplicity and add the current user. Windows will automatically add the current user when you click the Add current user button. Hit Next. Leave data directories and file streams as default for simplicity. Usually, in a production environment, we choose different drives for logs and data (like in case the server crashes). 14. Leave analysis services mode as default and add the current user. Hit Next. 15. Leave the default options as shown below. 16. Click add current user and hit Next. 17. Give Controller Name, I have named it "Dataneb" and hit Next. 18. Hit the Install button. 19. Installation will take some time (took 1 hour for me). So sit back and relax. Completion After 1-hour the installation was completed for me. This might take the same or less time for you depending upon your system configuration. Now, you can open the SQL Server configuration manager and see if SQL Server 2014 is running or not. I have SQL Server Express edition also running on this machine, ignore that. AdventureWorks Database I am loading the AdventureWorks database for example purposes here. 1. In order to load AdventureWorks, open SSMS (SQL Server Management Studio) and connect to SQL2014 which we just installed. 2. Now download a sample AdventureWorks 2014 database from the Microsoft site. You can go to this link, and you can choose anyone. I am downloading AdventureWorks 2014. 3. Once the download completes, move the AdventureWorks2014.bak file to the MSSQL server 2014 backup location. It will be C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\MSSQL\Backup 4. Now open SSMS > right click on Databases > Restore Database > select Device > click on three Dots > Add 5. Add the AdventureWorks2014 backup file and hit OK. 6. Once the backup is loaded, you will be able to see AdventureWorks2014 loaded under your database panel, if not right click and refresh. That's all! If you have any questions please mention them in the comments section below. Next: How to create an SSIS package in Visual Studio 2017