This page shows the current I-130 processing times for alien relatives such as spouses, parents, brothers , etc. when you start their green card process. These processing times are frequently sourced from the USCIS for all service centers and field offices. You can bookmark, save, or share this page for future reference. You can also calculate the estimated time for your case by using the Dataneb processing time calculator . Table of Contents: I-130 Processing Time for Alien Relatives National Benefits Center All Service Centers All Field Offices I-130 Processing Time at National Benefits Center To exactly calculate the estimated time for your case, use the Dataneb processing time calculator . I-130 Processing Time at All Service Centers To exactly calculate the estimated time for your case, use the Dataneb processing time calculator . I-130 Processing Time at All Field Offices Notes: USCIS Service Centers prioritize the adjudication of Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, and preference petitions when the Department of State Visa Bulletin shows an immigrant visa is available or will soon become available. This provides the greatest processing efficiencies because it is only when an immigrant visa is available that the beneficiary can adjust status or consular process based on an approved petition. Generally, USCIS processes visa-available cases in the order received, regardless of where the petition is adjudicated. USCIS may also prioritize cases filed for multiple family members at the same time to ensure families are processed together. USCIS may also prioritize cases due to country conditions when an urgent humanitarian situation or U.S. national interest is identified by the executive directive. In addition, petitioners may request expedited processing of their Form I-130 in certain situations. To minimize confusion related to the adjudication of I-130 preference category petitions, USCIS does not post a processing time in most instances. If the Visa Bulletin indicates that the preference category is current for a particular country, USCIS posts one processing time for all service centers that process those petitions. USCIS generally does not post processing times until 6 months after the visa category becomes current to ensure an accurate processing time estimate. If the preference category is not current for a particular country, USCIS does not list a processing time for that category. Instead, you should refer to the dates listed in the Visa Bulletin. Next: Family-Based Green Card Priority Date for India Related Posts ✔ How to apply for H4 EAD? ✔ B1/B2 tourist visa for parents ✔ Birth Tourism ✔ Current employment-based priority dates for India Related Topics

The average processing time for N-400 applications, which is used for Naturalization (U.S. Citizenship) across 91 USCIS field offices in the past six months, is 8 to 10 months . To get started, use the USCIS Field Office Locator to find your specific field office. Then, refer to the following table for N-400 processing times at individual field offices. Table of Contents: N-400 Processing Time View by Months View by Processing Dates N-400 Processing Time (by Months) N-400 Processing Time (by Date Range) The following table shows the date ranges that are currently being processed at each field office for the N-400 application. Next: GC Calculator Related Posts ✔ How to apply for an OCI card ✔ How to get H4 EAD in 15 days   ✔ Current green card priority dates for India Related Topics

I never really imagined I’d get a US Green Card through a lottery. Sounds surreal, right? But that’s exactly what happened when I entered the DV Lottery 2025 , also known as the Diversity Visa Lottery . Here’s my DV lottery timeline—from entering the lottery to landing in the US —so if you're thinking about trying your luck (and yes, it's partly luck), keep reading. I’ll also share timelines, tips, and mistakes to avoid. There is no cost to enter for DV lottery program, it's free. October 6, 2023 – Submitted my DV Lottery 2025 application online here November 7, 2023 – DV Lottery application window closed May 4, 2024 – Checked results online and found out I was selected May 12, 2024 – Submitted my DS-260 form (took a few days to gather documents) February 2, 2025 – Received email that my interview was scheduled for March March 5, 2025 – Completed medical exam at designated clinic in Kathmandu March 20, 2025 – Attended DV interview at the US Embassy; visa approved March 28, 2025 – Received my passport back with the immigrant visa April 10, 2025 – Landed in New York City as a US permanent resident May 1, 2025 – Received my physical Green Card at my US mailing address Thanks to the DATANEB team  for publishing my story. What Is DV Lottery? Let’s start with the basics. The DV Lottery , short for Diversity Visa Lottery , is a program run by the U.S. government to promote immigration from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the US, helping maintain cultural diversity. If selected, you can apply for a Green Card, which is your permanent resident card—your golden ticket to living and working in the US. You can find the official documentation at the DOS website . Each year, 55,000 Diversity Visas are issued. That’s 55,000 chances to change your life. It's open to most countries except for a few that already send high numbers of immigrants to the US. DV Lottery Eligible Countries Unfortunately, not everyone can enter. Countries with high levels of immigration to the U.S. over the past five years—specifically those where more than 50,000 people have moved to the U.S. during that period—are excluded. This included countries like: India China (mainland-born) Mexico Philippines Nigeria Canada South Korea The United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland) You can find the full list right on page 1 . If you're from these countries (your country of birth), you're not eligible—unless you're married to someone who is, or were born in an eligible country by chance. I was born in Nepal , one of the countries that qualify, and that’s how I got my shot. On top of that, the program has a couple more requirements: you must be at least 18 years old, and either have a high school education or two years of qualifying work experience. When Does the DV Lottery Open and Close? For the DV Lottery 2025, applications opened on October 4, 2023, and closed on November 7, 2023. Every year, the lottery follows a similar pattern—applications open in early October and close by early November. Results for DV-2025 were announced on May 4, 2024. You don’t get an email; you have to check the official Entrant Status Check page with your confirmation number. If you're planning ahead, here’s what to expect for the DV-2026 timeline: ✅ Application period:  Expected to open in early October 2024 and close by early November 2024 ✅ Results announcement:  May (first week), 2025 (based on past trends) ✅ Interviews and visa issuance:  From October 1, 2025, to September 30, 2026 Winning Chances in DV Lottery In the 2025 Diversity Visa Program, the US government made 55,000 green cards available. But here’s the catch: more than 11.4 million people applied. Yes, millions! It could be even more, but it's in millions. So, in DV-2025, the chance of getting selected was less than half a percent —about 0.48% , or roughly 1 in 207 people. Out of those, around 119,000 people were selected (they over-select because many don’t complete the process). But only 55,000 can actually get the Green Card. In contrast, the 2024 DV Lottery saw over 12 million entries and around 143,000 selectees, though the final number of issued green cards still stayed within the 55,000 cap. DV Lottery Selected—What Happens Next? When I saw the words "You have been randomly selected" on May 4, 2024, I didn’t believe it. But that was just the beginning. Here are the high-level steps after getting selected in the Diversity Visa Lottery: Confirm your case number and priority Submit the DS-260 form online Wait for interview scheduling Prepare for the visa interview Attend the interview and medical exam Get your visa and travel to the US Receive your Green Card by mail Now, let’s break it down further. 1️⃣ Submitting the DS-260 Within two weeks of checking the results, I filled out my DS-260 form online. It’s long and detailed, asking for your education, work history, travel, and personal info. Take your time and be honest. Even small mistakes can delay your case. You need to fill out the DS-260 form as soon as possible and then wait. After submitting, you basically have to forget about it until September. That’s when the new fiscal year starts, and the Diversity Visa program begins processing lottery cases for that year. You can track the progress on the Visa Bulletin. My case number was XXAS65XX (from the Asia region), which meant I had a decent chance of getting scheduled for an interview before the quota ran out. 2️⃣ Scheduling the Interview The wait for interview scheduling is nerve-wracking. I submitted my DS-260 in May 2024, but my interview wasn’t scheduled until February 2025. Why? It depends on your case number and how quickly others in front of you move. 3️⃣ Medical Exam and Interview Day Before your interview, you have to complete a medical exam at an embassy-approved clinic. For me, this was in Kathmandu, and I spent around $300. The interview at the US Embassy was straightforward. The consular officer asked about my education, why I applied, and confirmed my documents. I was approved on the spot. Pro tip: Make sure your documents are 100% ready. Originals, translations, police certificates—everything. 4️⃣ Traveling to the US on a Diversity Visa I got my visa stamped in March 2025 and booked my flight to New York City in early April. When you receive your visa, you’ll also get a sealed envelope that must be handed over to U.S. Customs and Border Protection upon arrival. Along with this, you’ll receive additional documents, including instructions to pay an online fee (per person) before entering the U.S. on your visa for the first time. That feeling when you enter the U.S. as a legal resident? Absolutely unmatched. I still remember walking out of JFK Airport thinking, This is real. Immigration was quick and smooth — no issues at all. They stamped my visa, and I was officially welcomed to the United States. Your actual Green Card is mailed to your US address within a few weeks. Mine arrived in May 2025. On top of it, you also get your Social Security number. Common Mistakes to Avoid in the DV Lottery Process Here are a few mistakes that can ruin your shot, even after getting selected: Entering multiple times: Automatic disqualification Using fake photos or wrong dimensions Not listing your spouse/kids properly Delaying your DS-260 submission Not preparing properly for the interview Missing your interview window Also, never pay anyone who claims they can “guarantee” your selection. It’s a scam. Final Thoughts: The DV Lottery Can Change Your Life The DV Lottery isn't just a random game—it's a life-changing opportunity. The Diversity Visa opened a door I never thought I’d walk through. And now, I have my Green Card, almost got a full-time job in the US, and a future I can shape on my terms. If you're from a qualifying country, apply this October for DV-2026. It’s free, simple, and the odds, while slim, are still real. Someone’s going to win. Why not you? Reference: US DOS Next: Priority Date Calculator Related Posts ✔ Check USCIS processing time ✔ How to apply for an OCI card for minors ✔ N-600 processing time for naturalization Related Topics

The C09 EAD category is for individuals who have applied for adjustment of status (Form I-485) to become a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) in the United States. This category allows applicants to work legally in the U.S. while their adjustment of status I-485 application is pending. The table above lists recent USCIS cases in this green card category and their processing times. To estimate your own case's processing time, use the Dataneb Processing Time Calculator . Table of Contents: Green Card EAD (Category C09) Processing time How to apply? Cover letter FAQs EAD Category C09 Processing Time The above table shows the current processing time for I-765 applications under the C09 category at each service center. The following table shows the current processing date range during which 90% of applications are approved or completed at various USCIS service centers. How to Apply for Green Card EAD (C09 Category)? To apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) under the C09 category, you need to follow these steps: Complete Form I-765 Download and complete Form I-765  from the USCIS website. Follow these I-765 instructions  to fill out the form. On the form, indicate that you are applying under category C09. Do not forget to sign the form (in original). Collect Required Documents for EAD Application (C09 Category) Form I-485 receipt notice. 2 recent passport-size photos. Passport and visa copy. Copy of last EAD (if applicable). I-94 copy. Marriage/Birth certificate (if applicable). Cover letter (optional). Filing Fee The fee is 0$  if you are filing an initial EAD under the C09 category so no need to write a check. It's good to check the USCIS fee calculator  to check the latest fee as these might change in the future. Cover Letter (Optional) This is optional if you want to include a cover letter with your EAD application or not, but it will help USCIS officers understand your case quickly. A sample is provided in the next section. Mailing Address Refer to the " If you have a pending adjustment of status application " section on the USCIS website for the latest filing address. After submission, you will receive a receipt notice by mail at the address provided by you in the EAD application. You may be required to attend a biometrics appointment if USCIS requests it. Once EAD is approved, USCIS will mail your EAD card to you. Refer to the first three letters of the receipt notice to determine the USCIS service center and processing time for your application. Cover Letter for Green Card EAD (C09 Category) [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] USCIS [Address of the USCIS Service Center] Subject: Application for Employment Authorization Document (Form I-765) under C09 Category Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to submit my application for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) under the C09 category, as my Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, is currently pending. Please find enclosed the following documents in support of my application: Completed Form I-765. Form I-485 Receipt Notice (Form I-797). Two Passport-Sized Photos. Copy of Passport Biographic Page and Visa. Copy of I-94 Arrival/Departure Record. Copy of Previous EAD (if applicable). Copy of Birth/Marriage Certificate (if applicable). Optional: Form G-1145 (E-Notification of Application/Petition Acceptance). I have carefully reviewed my application and have provided all necessary documentation. If you need any further information or documentation, please contact me at the provided phone number or email address. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] FAQs on Green Card EAD What are the eligibility criteria for the C09 EAD category? To be eligible for the C09 EAD category, you must have a pending Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status). What is the application process to obtain EAD under the C09 category? To obtain an EAD under the C09 category while your I-485 application is pending, you need to file Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS. What is the validity of EAD under the C09 category? The EAD is typically valid for one year but can be renewed if the adjustment of status application is still pending. What's the filing fee for the C09 EAD category? There is no filing fee for the initial EAD application under the C09 category. Can I travel when my I-485 application is pending? You need to apply for advance parole ( Form I-131 ) if you wish to travel outside the U.S. and return without abandoning your adjustment of status application. Next: How to expedite I-485? Related Posts ✔ I-485 processing times ✔ How to get H4 EAD in 15 days?   ✔ How to expedite EAD? ✔ Current green card priority dates for India Related Topics

This page displays the current processing time for H4 EAD applications across all USCIS service centers. This includes standalone I-765 applications and H4 EAD applications filed with a status change (I-539). To calculate your case's estimated time, use the Dataneb processing time calculator . Table of Contents: H4 EAD Processing Time H4 EAD Processing Time (Standalone Application) H4 EAD Processing Time (with Change of Status) To begin, identify the service center handling your request by referring to the initial three letters of your H4 EAD receipt number. Then, use the following tables to find the processing time for your I-765 application. WAC/CSC: California Service Center LIN/NSC: Nebraska Service Center SRC/TSC: Texas Service Center EAC/VSC: Vermont Service Center YSC/PSC: Potomac Service Center MSC/NBC: National Benefits Center H4 EAD Processing Time (Standalone Application) The following table shows the H4 EAD processing time for standalone I-765 applications . You can read about the complete H4 EAD application process here . H4 EAD Processing Time (with Change of Status) The following table shows the H4 EAD processing time for the applications filed with the H4 change of status (I-539) . You can read about the concurrent filing of H4 visa and H4 EAD here . If you believe your case is taking longer than the processing times mentioned above, you can request a USCIS case inquiry. Additionally, if you have a valid reason, you can request expedited processing for your H4 EAD application. You can find inquiry date details for your case using the Processing Time Calculator . If you have a unique H4 EAD filing experience, please feel free to share your thoughts in the comments section below. Your insights could be helpful to others. Next: How to expedite H4 EAD? Related Posts ✔ H4 EAD automatic extension ✔ H1B to B2 change of status ✔ H1B, H4 and H4 EAD concurrent filing in premium Related Topics

This page shows India's current Green Card Priority Dates across the EB1, EB2, EB3, EB4, and EB5 categories. Suppose your priority date on the I-797 notice for your I-140 application is earlier than the current priority date. In that case, your I-485 application is ready to proceed to the final step of the Green Card process. The U.S. Department of State releases a monthly visa bulletin, and the dates provided here reflect the regularly updated 'Date for Filing' and 'Final Action Date' per visa bulletin. Bookmark ⭐ (press ctrl + D) / save this page for future reference. Key Points Use the Green Card Calculator to see which dates you need to use, the date of filing, or the final action date. Dates for Filing:  Generally, these are earlier dates, compared to the Final Action Date, that allows applicants to start the I-485 application process before their priority date becomes current. USCIS determines which date to use for I-485 processing in every visa bulletin. Final Action Date: These dates indicate when green cards can be finally issued/approved based on the applicant's priority date. In short, you will receive a green card only after the final action date. Table of Contents: Green Card Priority Date India Introduction Green Card Backlog for Indians Calculating Wait Time for India Annual Cap for India Pending Applications EB1 India Predictions EB2 India Predictions EB3 India Predictions FAQs Green Card Backlog for Indians The following table and chart show the green card backlog for each employment-based category for Indians: The backlog only shows the time difference between today's and the current green card priority date (dates for filing) for Indians. This does not mean the priority date will become current in the given time frame. Priority date movement depends upon several factors explained in the next section. Green Card Wait Time for India To calculate the green card wait time for India in the employment-based categories (EB1, EB2, EB3, EB4, and EB5), or how priority dates will move, we need to understand three things: India's Annual Limit: How many green cards can be issued annually for Indians under employment-based categories? Spillovers: How does spillover from other categories affect the number of available visas? Pending Applications:  How many I-485 applications are currently pending? Related: How to apply for a B1/B2 visa for parents? Green Card Annual Cap The U.S. issues 140,000 green cards annually across all employment-based (EB) categories. However, unused family-based green cards from the previous fiscal year are also added to employment-based green cards, and these additional numbers can sometimes make a huge difference. For example, in FY 2022, from Oct 1, 2021, to Sept 30, 2022, the employment-based green card limit was 281,507 (more than double the typical limit of 140,000) due to unused family-sponsored visa numbers from FY 2021 being added to the employment-based limit for FY 2022. This was during COVID-19. You can refer to the following table for the last 3 years of data for total employment-based green cards: Related: H1B, H4 and H4 EAD concurrent filing Green Card Annual Limit for India For this calculation, let's use the standard limit of 140,000. With a 7% per-country cap, Indians can receive approximately 9,800 green cards annually. This limit applies to all employment-based categories (EB-1, EB-2, EB-3, EB-4, and EB-5). Further, each category has its limit; for example, EB1, EB2, and EB3 each have 28.6%, while EB4 and EB5 each have 7.1%. Related: How to renew an Indian passport in the US? Spillovers Typically, unused green cards from the EB4 and EB5 categories spill over to the EB1 category, thus increasing the number available for EB1. Additionally, unused family-based visas from the previous fiscal year are sometimes added to the employment-based visa annual limits, typically benefiting the EB1 category. As a result, the other EB categories rarely get a chance to utilize these additional visas. In short, EB1 green cards are typically higher than the standard annual limit due to these spillovers. We will use the standard limit of 140,000 for India's green card wait time prediction. Let's assume that, the maximum number of green cards that can be issued under EB1 is approximately 2,803 per year (excluding spillovers). One thing to note is that the number of available visas can significantly impact these predictions. If the number of available visas exceeds the annual quota, it depends on USCIS's capacity to process them promptly. For example, if there are 5000 available visas for an employment-based category due to spillovers or other factors, USCIS can process more than 3000 visas, which exceeds the annual limit. Related: How to apply for OCI for minors? Pending I-485 Applications USCIS publishes reports for these pending applications, you can find them on the USCIS website . In brief, the report provides an overview of the estimated volume of pending adjustment of status applications in the employment-based preference categories currently in the USCIS inventory. Every application on the report with a priority date earlier than the given priority date is ahead in the queue for adjustment of status. I will go through each category individually to predict the wait time. Let's begin with the EB1 green card predictions for India. Related: I-485 processing time for family-based , and employment-based EB1 Green Card Prediction for India For India, EB1 category green cards will reach Dec 2022 priority dates in approximately 3 years and 5 months . Calculation: Indians can receive 2803  green cards annually under the EB1 category. According to the USCIS report, approximately 9,582 applications are pending between Apr 2022 and Dec 2022. Dividing these two will give you an EB1 green card prediction of 3 years and 5 months . Note: In the latest report, the available visas for the EB1 category are 3,904 , which means we should use a higher value instead of the annual limit of 2803, but here, we are trying to predict the normal scenario without any spillovers. Based on the USCIS work capacity for available visas, sometimes, you might see the EB1 priority dates moving faster. Description Calculations Current EB1 priority date for India (Dates For Filing) Apr 15, 2022 Available EB1 visas 3904 Awaiting EB1 availability 10957 Total EB1 applications until Dec 2022 14861 Pending EB1 applications between Apr 2022 and Dec 2022 9582 EB1 green cards issued per year for India 2803 EB1 prediction for India to reach the Dec 2022 priority date 9582 / 2803 = 3 years and 5 months After your EB1 priority date becomes current, you must file an I-485 application called an adjustment of status (if you are applying from within the US). This is the final step of green card processing. The processing time for the I-485 will depend on your zip code and USCIS field office location, which you can calculate using the link provided. The following chart shows how many EB1 applications are waiting for each month between 2020 and 2022. You can see there was a large increase in the number of EB1 applications filed in 2022. Unfortunately, the EB1 applications for 2022 are huge, so it might take some time to move. Related: B1/B2 visa interview questions for parents EB2 Green Card Prediction for India For India, EB2 category green cards to reach Dec 2014 priority dates will take approximately 10 years and 4 months . Description Calculations Current EB2 priority date for India (Dates For Filing) Jan 01, 2013 Available EB2 visas 1,548 Awaiting EB2 availability 32,270 Total EB2 applications until Dec 2014 33,818 Pending EB2 applications between Jan 2013 and Dec 2014 29,037 EB2 green cards issued per year for India 2,803 EB2 prediction for India to reach the Dec 2014 priority dates 29037 / 2803 = 10 years and 4 months Indians can receive a maximum of approximately 2,803  green cards annually under the EB2 category, typically with no spillovers to add as spillovers are mostly consumed by the EB1 category. Now, if you refer to the USCIS report, approximately 29,037  applications are pending until Dec 2014. Dividing both will give you the EB2 prediction of ~10 years and 4 months assuming there is no retrogression. With retrogression (backward movement), it's impossible to predict the wait time. The following chart shows how many EB2 applications are waiting for each month between 2012 and 2014. EB3 Green Card Prediction for India For India, EB3 category green cards to reach Dec 2014 priority dates will take approximately 4 years and 11 months . Description Calculations Current EB3 priority date for India (Dates For Filing) Jun 08, 2013 Available EB3 visas 1,695 Awaiting EB3 availability 16,426 Total EB3 applications until Dec 2014 18,121 Pending EB3 applications between Jun 2013 and Dec 2014 13,743 EB3 green cards issued per year for India 2,803 EB3 prediction for India to reach the Dec 2014 priority dates 13,743 / 2803 = 4 years and 11 months Indians can receive a maximum of approximately 2,803  green cards annually under the EB3 category, typically with no spillovers here. Now, if you refer to the USCIS report, approximately 13,743  applications are pending until Dec 2014. Dividing both will give you an EB3 prediction of 4 years and 11 months . EB3 predictions are currently more favorable, but as you know, EB2 applicants can downgrade to EB3, which will automatically balance out wait times over time. The following chart shows how many EB3 applications are waiting for each month between 2012 and 2014. FAQs on Green Card Priority Date India What is an Employment-based (EB) Green Card? An employment-based green card, officially known as an employment-based immigrant visa or EB visa, allows foreign nationals to live and work permanently in the United States. These green cards are typically obtained through employer-sponsored immigration processes. There are several preference categories (EB-1, EB-2, EB-3, EB-4, and EB-5), each with its eligibility criteria and requirements. EB1 Green Card (Priority Workers) This category is for individuals with extraordinary abilities in their field (such as outstanding researchers , professors, multinational executives, managers, or individuals with exceptional abilities in the arts, sciences, education, business, or athletics). 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required for EB4 and EB5 preferences. EB2 Green Card (Advanced Degrees and Exceptional Ability) This category includes professionals with advanced degrees (or their equivalent) and individuals with exceptional ability in their field. Generally, a job offer and a labor certification are required, unless the individual qualifies for a National Interest Waiver (NIW). 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required by EB1 preference. Related: J1 visa to Green Card EB3 Green Card (Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers) This category includes skilled workers (positions requiring at least two years of training or experience), professionals with a bachelor's degree, and other workers with less than two years of experience. Labor certification is generally required, and the employer must demonstrate that qualified U.S. workers are not available for the position. 28.6% of the worldwide level, plus any numbers not required by EB1 and EB2 preferences, not more than 10,000 of which to "*Other Workers". EB4 Green Card (Special Immigrants) This category is for special immigrants, including religious workers, employees of certain international organizations, and certain individuals who have worked for the U.S. government abroad. 7.1% of the worldwide level. EB5 Green Card (Investors) This category is for immigrant investors who make a qualifying investment in a new commercial enterprise that creates jobs in the US. The investment amount and job creation requirements vary depending on the location of the investment (Regional Center Program or Direct Investment). 7.1% of the worldwide level, of which 32% are reserved as follows: 20% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in a rural area; 10% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in a high unemployment area; and 2% reserved for qualified immigrants who invest in infrastructure projects. The remaining 68% are unreserved and are allotted for all other qualified immigrants. What is the Green Card Priority Date? When you submit an immigration petition or green card I-140 application, USCIS assigns a date to your submission. This date is known as your priority date . You can find this date on the I-797 receipt/approval notice. Note that the received date and priority date are two different things. The priority date is essential because it determines your place in line for green card processing. For example, if you're applying for an employment-based green card, there might be a limited number of green cards available each year. Your priority date establishes when you expressed your intent to immigrate, and it helps determine when you'll be eligible to move forward in the immigration process. The government processes cases in the order of their priority dates, with earlier dates getting priority. Related: How to apply for H4 EAD? Dates of Filing vs Final Action Date The "Final Action Date" is a term used by the U.S. Department of State, specifically in the visa bulletin chart which is published every month. In simple terms, the final action date is the cutoff date that determines when immigrant visas (green cards) can be finally issued to the applicants. Priority Date:  When you submit a green card I-140 application, a priority date is assigned. This date signifies when you expressed your intent to immigrate. Dates for Filing:  Applicants can file the I-485 application when their priority date is current according to the Dates for Filing. This provides you with an earlier opportunity to begin the I-485 process. Final Action Date:  The Visa Bulletin contains charts with final action dates for different categories and countries. These dates are essentially waiting periods. If your priority date is earlier than the final action date listed in the Visa Bulletin for your category and country, it means that a visa is available, and you can proceed with the final steps of your immigration process. Every month, USCIS determines which date to follow. Most of the time, they go with the "Dates for Filing." How much time after the priority date is current? You have one year after your priority date becomes current to proceed with the next steps in the green card application process. If you don't apply within this timeframe, it may be perceived as though you have opted not to pursue the green card, and the next person in the queue may be given the opportunity. Therefore, it is advisable to regularly check for updates on the current green card priority date. Related: How to apply for a B1/B2 visa for parents My green card priority date is current now what? Once your priority date is current, your wait time is over, and you can move forward with the next steps in the green card application process. Depending on your current address and eligibility for adjustment of status or consular processing, you will be filing one of the following: USCIS processing, Form I-485, also called adjustment of status if the current address is within the US. NVC processing, Form DS-260, also called consular processing if the current address is outside the US. Related: How did I expedite my I-485 application? Once the priority date becomes current how long to get a green card? For employment-based green cards (adjustment of status or consular processing), the average I-485 processing time for 80% of cases is between 9 and 12 months. Check the I-485 processing time for the employment-based category. Check the I-485 processing time for the family-based category. How long to get a green card under EB2 or EB3 category (India)? About 13 to 16 years . There are multiple steps involved in green card processing, and the processing time for each step can fluctuate depending on several factors. Here is a rough timeline you can expect: PERM: ~ 6 to 9 months Form I-140 processing time : ~ 8 to 12 months (without premium processing) Wait time for priority date ~ 10 to 13 years USCIS/ NVC processing ~ 9 to 12 months Next: Priority Date Calculator Related Posts ✔ How to expedite H4 EAD? ✔ How to apply for a minor's passport? ✔ N-600 processing time for naturalization Related Topics

The National Interest Waiver (NIW) is a subcategory of the EB2 employment-based green card. It allows applicants to self-petition for a green card without needing a job offer or labor certification if they can demonstrate that their work is in the U.S. national interest. I want to specifically highlight the word self-petition here. Self-petition means that applicants can apply for the EB2 NIW green card themselves, without needing a U.S. employer or job offer. Unlike regular EB2 petitions, which require an employer to sponsor the applicant and go through the PERM labor certification process. No Employer Sponsorship Required  – You do not need a job offer or an employer to file Form I-140 on your behalf. No Labor Certification (PERM) Needed  – You can bypass the long and complex PERM labor certification process. Flexibility – You are not tied to a specific employer and can work in different roles related to your proposed endeavor. Self-Employment & Entrepreneurship Allowed  – You can apply as an entrepreneur, researcher, or independent professional. Since you are the petitioner, you will file Form I-140 under the EB2 NIW category, submit supporting evidence to prove your eligibility, and file Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status) when your priority date is current. EB2 NIW Priority Date Who can self-petition? Researchers, scientists, engineers, doctors, IT professionals, and entrepreneurs whose work benefits the U.S. Professionals with an advanced degree (master’s or PhD) or exceptional ability in their field. Individuals whose work has substantial merit and national importance (e.g., solving public health issues, advancing technology, contributing to U.S. competitiveness). Step1: Eligibility for EB2 NIW Green Card To qualify for the NIW Green Card, you must meet the EB2 category requirements and satisfy the National Interest Waiver criteria: A. EB2 Requirements You must qualify under one of these two categories: Advanced Degree : Master's degree or higher (or a bachelor's degree plus 5 years of progressive work experience). Exceptional Ability : You must show expertise significantly above what is normally encountered in your field using at least 3 of these: Degree, diploma, or certificate in the field. 10+ years of full-time experience. Professional license/certification. High salary or remuneration compared to others in the field. Membership in professional associations. Recognition for achievements and contributions. B. National Interest Waiver (NIW) Criteria You must meet the following three prongs: Substantial Merit and National Importance Your work has significant value in business, science, technology, education, culture, or health. Your work benefits the U.S. economy, research, education, or national security. Well-Positioned to Advance the Proposed Endeavor You have a strong track record of past achievements. You have relevant education, experience, and a well-documented plan to continue your work. You have letters of recommendation from experts supporting your qualifications. Beneficial to Waive the Job Offer & Labor Certification The U.S. would benefit from your contributions without requiring labor certification. Your work is important enough that the national interest justifies skipping the normal sponsorship process. Step 2: Apply Form I-140 To start the green card process, file Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) with USCIS. Required Documents Form I-140. Petition Letter (explaining how you meet the EB2 NIW criteria). Proof of Advanced Degree or Exceptional Ability (diplomas, transcripts, employment letters). Recommendation Letters (5-7 letters from experts in your field supporting your work's national importance). Evidence of Achievements (publications, patents, media coverage, conference presentations). Personal Statement (explaining your proposed endeavor and future impact in the U.S.). Resume/CV (showing experience and qualifications). Supporting Documents (job offers, contracts, grant funding, awards, or media recognition). Filing Fees I-140 Filing Fee: $700 (refer to the USCIS website for the latest fee) Premium Processing (Optional): $2,805 (as of 2024) – speeds up the process to 45 days but does not guarantee approval. After filing Form I-140, the processing time typically ranges from 3 to 18 months. During this period, USCIS may issue a Request for Evidence (RFE) if additional documentation is required to support your petition. Once the I-140 is approved, you can check the Visa Bulletin here to determine if your priority date is current and proceed with the next steps accordingly. Step 3: Apply for Adjustment of Status (I-485) or Consular Processing If your priority date is current, you can proceed with either: A. Adjustment of Status (Form I-485) – If You Are in the U.S. If you are legally in the U.S. (e.g., on an H-1B, F-1, or O-1 visa), you can apply for a green card without leaving: File Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status). Filing Fee is $1,140 (plus $85 biometrics for applicants under 79). Processing Time is approximately 6-24 months. Medical Exam (Form I-693) from a USCIS-authorized doctor. Submit I-765 (EAD) and I-131 (Advance Parole) (Optional) for work and travel authorization while waiting. Attend Biometrics Appointment (USCIS collects fingerprints and a photo). USCIS Interview (may be required in some cases). Wait for Green Card Approval – Once approved, you will receive your green card in the mail. B. Consular Processing – If You Are Outside the U.S. If you are abroad, you must apply through a U.S. consulate: File DS-260 (Online Immigrant Visa Application) through the National Visa Center (NVC). Attend Consular Interview (bring supporting documents). Receive Visa Approval – Once the visa is issued, enter the U.S. and receive the green card by mail. Once your application is approved, you will receive a green card valid for 10 years. After maintaining permanent resident status for five years, you become eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship. EB2 NIW Processing Time Assuming your priority date is current throughout the process, then it will take approximately 1-3 years. If you already have the case number, use the processing time calculator to get your estimated dates. The EB2 NIW category is ideal for professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, and STEM experts who can demonstrate that their work benefits the U.S. Applying requires strong documentation, but self-petitioning makes it flexible compared to employer-sponsored green cards. To calculate how much time it will take for you to get the green card under the EB2 NIW category, use the green card calculator. Each case is different, and processing time may vary. Next: Green Card Calculator   Related Posts ✔ How to apply for an OCI card ✔ How to get H4 EAD in 15 days   ✔ How to apply for a minor's passport ✔ Current green card priority dates for India Related Topics

This year was one of those life-defining moments for me. After years of trying — and missing out — I finally got selected in the H1B lottery. For a lot of us working on OPT, STEM OPT, or even waiting outside the U.S. for a shot, getting picked in the lottery feels like winning the visa jackpot. But just a few weeks after that moment of celebration, I got hit with a curveball. The project my employer had planned to place me on — the one they referenced when registering me for the lottery — was suddenly changed. Client priorities shifted, the timeline got pushed out, and next thing I knew, I was left wondering: Can I still get my H1B petition filed now that my original project is no longer available? If you’re in the same boat — trust me, I get it. The stress, the confusion, and the fear of losing your one chance at an H1B can be overwhelming. So I decided to dig deep, talk to attorneys, research USCIS guidance, and figure out what’s really possible when your project changes after lottery selection. Here’s everything I learned, and what I’m doing to move forward — hopefully, it helps you too. 1. The H1B Lottery Is Just Step One — The Real Work Starts After That Let’s clarify one thing right away: Getting picked in the lottery is NOT a visa approval. It’s not even a visa petition. What it really means is this: USCIS has reserved a place for you to submit a petition during this fiscal year. That’s it. The actual H1B approval depends on the strength of your petition, and that includes detailed information about: Your employer Your job role Your qualifications And most importantly, the availability of real work in a specialty occupation So yes — the project you were originally assigned to does matter. But if that changes, it doesn't automatically disqualify you, as long as your employer still has a legitimate H1B-worthy job for you. 2. USCIS Doesn’t Track Projects from the Lottery Stage During the H1B registration (lottery) phase, very little information is actually submitted to USCIS. The registration includes basic employer details, your name, and whether you qualify for the advanced degree cap. That’s it. There’s no requirement to specify your project, client, or job location at this stage. This means that even if your project changed between the time of registration and petition filing, USCIS won’t know — and more importantly, they don’t care, as long as your petition meets all legal and documentary requirements. So yes, your project can change. Your employer can assign you to a different project, a new client, or even an internal role. But here’s the catch… 3. Your Petition Still Has to Prove Real, Qualifying Work USCIS is very strict when it comes to speculative employment. This means your petition cannot just say, “We’ll place this person somewhere eventually.” You need to show that a real job is available and that it meets the H1B eligibility requirements. Your employer will need to submit: A valid Labor Condition Application (LCA) matching the new job location and title Detailed job duties Evidence that the job requires a bachelor’s degree or higher in a relevant field Proof that the employer controls the terms of your employment (especially in third-party placements) If your new project checks all those boxes, then you can file your petition with updated documentation. In fact, many employers do this all the time — it’s common in the consulting world where projects shift frequently. 4. What If There’s No Project at All Right Now? This is where things get tricky. If your employer currently doesn’t have a new project for you, and they try to file your petition anyway without providing real work, you could run into problems. Here’s what USCIS might do: Issue an RFE (Request for Evidence) asking for client letters, project details, and timelines Reject your petition for being speculative or lacking valid work arrangements Deny your case for failure to establish an employer-employee relationship Unfortunately, in recent years, USCIS has scrutinized these types of cases more aggressively, especially after the 2010 Neufeld Memo that laid out strict documentation guidelines for third-party placements. That doesn’t mean all hope is lost. Some employers prepare in-house projects or training plans to justify the H1B filing. But these have to be well-documented and clearly show: How does the work tie to your degree How your employer supervises and pays you That the work is not just "on paper" but actually exists An experienced immigration attorney can help structure such a petition to minimize risk. 5. How My Employer Handled It In my case, once I learned that the original client project had been pushed back, I immediately brought it up with my HR and immigration team. Here’s what happened next: They reassigned me to a different internal project that needed developers with my background. They updated the job description and location in the new LCA. They made sure all documents — including the Statement of Work, org chart, supervision model, and training plan — reflected this new assignment. They involved their immigration attorney to fine-tune the petition language and ensure full compliance. Yes, it was stressful. Yes, it took time. But in the end, we were still able to file my petition before the deadline. 6. Key Documents That Matter (When Your Project Changes) If you’re facing a similar project change, make sure your employer gathers the right paperwork. Here’s a checklist of documents that typically help in such cases: New LCA: It should reflect the updated location, salary, and role. Detailed Job Description: Must clearly show how the job qualifies as a specialty occupation. Degree Mapping: Show how your educational background aligns with the new role. Supervision Model: Especially important for third-party clients — who supervises your work? Client Letter or SOW (if available): These should state that you're needed, what your duties are, and how long the project lasts. Timesheets or Past Performance (for internal projects): Prove that it’s real work and not just a placeholder. 7. The Importance of Timing Remember, USCIS usually gives a window of 90 days after lottery results (April to June) to file your petition. That means time is critical. If your project changed or fell through, don’t wait and hope for a new one to magically appear. Work proactively with your employer to: Find alternate projects Update paperwork Consult with attorneys Even if the new project is starting a few weeks after the petition is filed, that’s usually okay, as long as there’s proof of upcoming work. 8. Can I Switch Employers After Lottery Selection? This question comes up often, especially when people lose confidence in their current employer’s ability to file on time. Unfortunately, you cannot transfer your lottery selection to another employer. The petition must be filed by the employer who submitted your registration. If that employer fails to file, your selection is gone — you’ll have to try again next year. That’s why communication and trust with your sponsoring employer are so important during this phase. 9. Tips If You're In the Same Situation Here are a few tips I learned along the way: Don’t assume it’s over if your project changes — there’s often still a way to file. Ask direct questions to your HR or attorney: “Is there another qualifying role available?” “Can we update the LCA?” Don’t rely on verbal promises — everything USCIS cares about must be in writing and backed by documents. Push for a timely filing — don’t let the lottery spot go to waste. Stay informed — USCIS policies change often, so make sure your employer’s attorney is up-to-date. 10. Final Thoughts The H1B process is complex — and honestly, a little cruel. You get selected in the lottery and think you’ve crossed the biggest hurdle, only to find out that your actual approval depends on dozens of moving pieces. But here's the silver lining: A changed project doesn’t mean the end of your H1B journey. If your employer is committed and there’s real work available, you absolutely can still file a successful petition. It just takes coordination, paperwork, and patience. I’m sharing my story not just as someone who went through it, but as someone who nearly gave up before realizing there was still a path forward. To everyone else waiting in this uncertain space: hang in there. You’ve got this. Next: H1B Dropbox Experience Related Posts ✔ How to apply for an OCI card ✔ How to get H4 EAD in 15 days   ✔ How to apply for a minor's passport ✔ Current green card priority dates for India Related Topics

Note: To precisely calculate the estimated time for your case, use the Dataneb processing time calculator . B1/B2 Visitor Visa Extension & Reasons: The B1/B2 visitor visa typically allows you to stay in the US for up to six months, or sometimes less . However, there may be situations when you want to extend your B1/B2 visitor visa to stay beyond 6 or even 12 months in the US. But before we proceed, let's confirm two things: B1/B2 Visa Renewal: Note that B1/B2 visa renewal is different from extending your permitted stay in the US. If you are looking for a B1/B2 visa extension (after 10 years of validity) or want to renew your expired B1/B2 visa, the process is the same as applying for a new B1/B2 visa . Indian Passport Renewal: Also, If your passport is expiring soon, then you can follow this blog to renew your passport in India . Although it is written specifically for parents' passport renewal, the steps will be the same for you. Alternatively, if you are in the US and want to renew your passport, you can apply for passport renewal in the US . In this post , I will explain the process of extending your stay on a B1/B2 visitor visa in the US, including the number of times you can extend it, common reasons for extension with sample letters, the possibility of extending a visitor visa beyond 6 months, the average processing time for B1/B2 extensions, and key considerations for a successful extension. Table of Contents: B2 Visitor Visa Extension & Reasons B2 Visa Extension Visitor Visa Extension Reasons B2 Visa Extension Sample Letter (Medical) B2 Visa Extension Sample Letter (Tourism) B2 Visa Extension Beyond 12 Months B1/B2 Visa Extension Processing Time How to Extend a B1/B2 Visa in the USA Key Considerations for a Successful Extension Conclusion B2 Visa Extension The first question that might arise in your mind is how many times a B2 visa can be extended after 6 months of authorized stay in the US, or if it's even possible to do so. The answer is there is no specific limit on how many times you can extend your stay on a B1/B2 visa. As of June 2024, Form I-539, which is used to apply for a change or extension of stay, has a rejection rate of 11.03% . This includes all types of visas, not just B1/B2, for either change or extension of stay. Out of a total of 122,401 completed applications, 13,506 were denied. However, it is essential to note that each extension request is evaluated individually, and you must provide a valid reason for needing an extension. Irrespective of the fact of how many times you request an extension, personally, I have not seen any B1/B2 visa going beyond the stay of 12 months. That being said it's not impossible to extend beyond 12 months but you would need a solid reason for that. Related: How to apply for a B1/B2 visa for parents? Visitor Visa Extension Reasons Typical reasons for extending your stay on a B1/B2 visitor visa include medical treatment, attending family events or functions, continuing tourism, coping with natural disasters like COVID-19, etc. Medical treatment: If you require ongoing medical treatment that cannot be completed within the initially approved stay then you can request for a B2 visa extension of stay. You would need a letter from the doctor as a supporting document for form I-539 to make your case stronger. Family events: If there are important family events or celebrations, such as weddings or graduations, that require your presence, you can also request a B2 visa extension for your stay. Sharing the date and venue of the event will strengthen your case, and having an invitation card as proof is even better. Tourism: If you were unable to explore all the intended attractions due to unforeseen circumstances, you can request an extension. In the case of requesting an extension for your parents' B2 visa, you can mention their limited physical mobility, which resulted in a longer stay than initially anticipated. Supporting documents, such as your travel itinerary, bookings, and return air tickets, would help your extension request. Unexpected events: If you experience unexpected delays or disruptions in your travel plans, such as a natural disaster or flight cancellations, you can request a B2 visa extension of stay. This applied to situations like COVID. B2 Visa Extension Sample Letter (Medical) [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date] [USCIS Service Center Address] [City, State, ZIP] Subject: Request for B2 Visa Extension for Medical Treatment Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to request an extension of my stay on a B1/B2 visitor visa to receive ongoing medical treatment in the United States. I am currently in the United States on a valid B1/B2 visa, my stay is valid until [add date]. I have been undergoing medical treatment for a serious health condition at [name of medical facility] under the care of [name of attending physician]. The treatment plan, as recommended by my healthcare provider, requires an extended duration beyond my original authorized stay. I kindly request your favorable consideration of my application for a B2 visa extension. I am attaching the following supporting documents: Detailed medical reports and documentation outlining the nature of my medical condition and the necessity for continued treatment. A letter from my attending physician, [physician's name], explaining the need for ongoing medical care and the anticipated duration of treatment. Financial records to demonstrate my ability to cover the cost of the extended stay, including medical expenses, accommodation, and other necessary expenses. Copy of my valid passport, Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record), and current B2 visa. [Any additional supporting documents]. I assure you that I will strictly adhere to the laws and regulations governing my stay in the United States. I understand that the purpose of my visit is solely for medical treatment, and I will not engage in any unauthorized activities during my extended stay. I kindly request your prompt attention to this matter as my medical treatment is time-sensitive. If there are any further documents or information required, please contact me at [your contact number] or [your email address]. Thank you for considering my request. Your understanding and assistance in this matter would be greatly appreciated. Sincerely, [Your Name] Related: B1/B2 interview questions B2 Visa Extension Sample Letter (Tourism) [Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] [Date] To, [USCIS Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] Dear Sir/Madam, Subject: B2 Visa Extension Request for Tourism I am writing to request an extension of my parent's B2 visitor visas, their stay is set to expire on [Insert Date], due to unforeseen circumstances. During their stay, my parents experienced limited physical mobility because of their age and existing health conditions. This has resulted in a slower pace of travel, making it challenging to cover all the attractions they initially intended to visit within the original visa validity period. I kindly request an extension of their B2 visas for an additional [Number of Months] months, allowing them more time to complete their travel plans and spend quality time with family and friends. Supporting documents, including copies of their B2 visas, a detailed travel itinerary, and proof of financial ability, are enclosed for your reference. We appreciate your consideration of this request and hope for a positive response. If you require further information, please contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address]. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Your Signature] B2 Visa Extension Beyond 12 Months Extending a B2 visa beyond 12 months can be challenging. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) generally expects visitors to adhere to the initially approved duration of stay, which is typically up to six months. Extending beyond a year requires exceptionally compelling circumstances and strong supporting documentation. If you have a serious health condition and can provide sufficient evidence, you may consider applying for a visitor visa extension. Related: Green Card Priority Date for India B1/B2 Visitor Visa Extension Processing Time The above table shows the current I-539 processing time for a B1/B2 visitor visa extension . To exactly calculate the estimated time for your case, use the Dataneb processing time calculator . You don't need to worry about extension processing time as long as you have filed the extension before your permitted stay expires. If your extension application is denied, you will have sufficient time to leave the country. It is crucial to plan and submit your extension request at least 45 days before your authorized stay expiration date to allow sufficient processing time. How to Extend a B1/B2 Visitor Visa in the USA To extend your B1/B2 visitor visa in the USA, you will need to file Form I-539 (Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status). Here is a step-by-step guide to extend your B1/B2 visitor visa: Complete Form I-539: Provide accurate information about yourself, your current status, and the reasons for the visa extension. You can do this online or through mail. I have explained in this blog how to complete Form I-539 . Pay the required fee: Include the fee of $470 with your I-539 B1/B2 visa extension application. Refer to the USCIS website for the most up-to-date fee information. Supporting documents: Gather the necessary supporting documents, such as your passport/visa, cover letter stating the reason for the extension, Form I-94, financial records, flight itinerary, and purpose of extension supporting documentation. Submit your application: Mail the completed Form I-539, supporting documents, and fee to the appropriate USCIS Service Center. You can find the addresses here . Successful Visitor Visa Extension To increase the likelihood of a successful B1/B2 visa extension, consider the following: Valid reasons: Clearly articulate your valid reasons for needing an extension, providing detailed information about your circumstances and how the extension aligns with the purpose of your visit. Supporting documentation: Include all required supporting documents, such as medical bills or records, wedding invitations, business contracts, financial proofs, any bookings, or event tickets, to support your extension request. Timely submission: Submit your extension application well in advance (minimum 45 days) of your authorized stay expiration date to allow sufficient processing time. Conclusion Extending your B1/B2 visa beyond the initially approved duration is possible under specific circumstances, provided you have a reason and can provide supporting documentation. Remember to submit your application well in advance, as B1/B2 extension processing times can be lengthy. By following this blog post, you can navigate the B1/B2 visa extension process more confidently and increase your chances of securing an extended stay in the United States for tourism, business, medical treatment, family events, or other valid reasons. FAQs on B1/B2 Visitor Visa Extension Can I use pregnancy as a reason for a B1/B2 visa extension of stay? Yes, you can use pregnancy as a reason, but remember that there is a high chance of denial due to concerns about birth tourism . If you are over six months pregnant and your doctor advises against travel, you can use that document to support your case, as this request appears genuine. However, if you traveled to give birth in the US, your case might be considered birth tourism, which has a high chance of denial. Can I extend my parent's visa based on pregnancy to support my child? You can use a life event as a reason to request a B1/B2 visa extension. However, it's not recommended to mention that your parents will be babysitting your child, as that is not the purpose of a tourist visa. Instead, request an extension on the basis that your parents' presence is needed for the baby's birth as a significant life event and for some additional tourism. Clearly state that they will travel back afterward. Should I extend my parent's health insurance along with the B1/B2 visa extension request? Yes, it is recommended to extend your parents' health insurance, as this can also serve as financial proof for your extension request in case something goes wrong and your parents need medical coverage. Medical costs in the US are very high, and extending their insurance will help your case as well. You can buy health insurance here. Next: Form I-539 Related Posts ✔ Urgent humanitarian reason expedite request ✔ How to apply for a minor's passport ✔ Indian passport renewal in the US Related Topics

Getting a U.S. Green Card is a dream for many, but the process isn't the same for everyone. Some paths are quick and straightforward, while others take years (sometimes decades). Here’s a breakdown of the 7 ways people enter the U.S. and become permanent residents, ranked from easiest to hardest. 1. Marry a U.S. Citizen – The Fastest Route 🚀 One of the easiest and most common ways. If you marry a U.S. citizen, you can get a Green Card within 12 to 18 months : no long wait times, and no visa caps. But USCIS takes marriage fraud seriously, so you need solid proof that your marriage is real—joint accounts, leases, photos, messages, etc. How it works? Once you’re married, your spouse can file Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) and you’ll apply for a Green Card through Adjustment of Status (if you’re in the U.S.) or Consular Processing (if you’re outside the U.S.). If you’re already in the U.S. on a valid visa, you can adjust your status without leaving. If you’re outside the U.S., you’ll go through a U.S. embassy or consulate for an immigrant visa interview. If your marriage is less than two years old when you get the Green Card, you’ll first receive a Conditional Green Card (valid for two years). After two years, you must file Form I-751 (Petition to Remove Conditions) to prove that you’re still married. What happens if you divorce? If you get divorced before getting the conditions removed, you’ll have to provide strong proof that your marriage was real. This process can be tricky, but if you can prove good faith, you may still be able to keep your Green Card. The bottom line is marrying a U.S. citizen is the easiest and fastest path to a Green Card, but it’s not a shortcut. USCIS carefully screens applications to prevent fraud, so be prepared with solid documentation. If your marriage is genuine, though, this is one of the smoothest ways to become a permanent resident. 2. Family Sponsorship – If You Have Relatives in the U.S. 👨‍👩‍👦‍👦 If you have close family members who are U.S. citizens or Green Card holders, they can sponsor you for a Green Card. This is a well-established and straightforward process, but the wait times vary greatly depending on who is sponsoring you and your relationship with them. Who can sponsor you? A U.S. citizen or Green Card holder can petition for certain family members: Immediate Relatives (Fastest Processing – No Visa Cap) Spouse of a U.S. citizen Unmarried children under 21 of a U.S. citizen Parents of a U.S. citizen (sponsor must be 21 or older) These cases move quickly because there are no annual limits on visas for immediate relatives. On average, processing takes  1 to 2 years . The further you are from the “immediate relative” category, the longer the wait. Siblings and married children of U.S. citizens can wait decades due to visa backlogs, especially if they’re from high-demand countries like India, Mexico, the Philippines, and China. The bottom line is if you have immediate family in the U.S., this is one of the best ways to get a Green Card. But if you're in a family preference category, be prepared for a long wait, sometimes over a decade. If you're eligible for another route (like employment-based), you might want to explore that option instead. 3. Employment-Based Green Cards (EB-1, EB-2, EB-3) – Skilled Workers Have a Shot You might qualify for a U.S. Green Card through employment if you have extraordinary talent, an advanced degree, or a solid job offer. The process is employer-driven, meaning most applicants need a job offer and sponsorship—except for certain self-petition categories. EB-1 (The Best & Fastest) – For top professionals: outstanding researchers, executives, and individuals with extraordinary ability (think Nobel Prize level). No employer is needed for extraordinary ability cases. Processing is relatively fast. EB-2 (Advanced Degrees & Exceptional Ability) – For those with a master’s degree or higher or exceptional skills in arts, science, or business. Most applicants need PERM labor certification (which can take years). NIW (National Interest Waiver) allows to self-petition without a job offer. EB-3 (Skilled Workers & Professionals) – For bachelor’s degree holders or those with 2+ years of work experience. Wait times for India and China are extremely long (often a decade or more). How it works? The process starts with the employer filing a PERM labor certification (unless applying under EB-1 or the EB-2 National Interest Waiver, which doesn’t require it). Once approved, the employer submits Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) to USCIS. The applicant then waits for their priority date to become current, as tracked in the Visa Bulletin . When a visa number is available, they can either file Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status) if already in the U.S. or go through Consular Processing at a U.S. embassy if applying from abroad. 4. Invest in the U.S. (EB-5 Visa) – If You Have Money 💰 If you’ve got $800,000 to $1,050,000 to invest and can create at least 10 full-time U.S. jobs, you can essentially "buy" your Green Card through the EB-5 Investor Visa. No need for an employer or family sponsor—it’s a direct path to permanent residency. How it works? Invest $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA) (rural or high-unemployment areas) or $1,050,000 anywhere else. Your investment must create at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers. After about 2 years, you get a Conditional Green Card. If job creation requirements are met, it becomes permanent. One of the biggest advantages of the EB-5 Investor Visa is that you don’t need an employer or family sponsor—your investment alone qualifies you for a Green Card. Compared to many other immigration routes, it can be a faster path to permanent residency. However, it comes with significant risks. Your investment must be legitimate and truly at risk, meaning there’s no guarantee of returns. Additionally, while the process may seem straightforward, processing times can still be slow, especially for applicants from countries with high demand, where wait times can exceed five years. 5. The Visa Lottery (Diversity Visa Lottery) – Pure Luck 🤞 Every year, 50,000 people from countries with low immigration rates get a Green Card through a random lottery. It’s free to apply, but the chances are low. If you’re (your birthplace) from India, China, Mexico, or the Philippines—sorry, you’re not eligible. You apply for the DV lottery online (usually in October) and wait for results in May. If selected, you go through background checks, interviews, and medical exams before getting a Green Card. The entire process takes 1-2 years if you win. 6. Victims of Crime & Abuse (VAWA, U Visa, T Visa, etc.) ❤️‍🩹 The U.S. provides special Green Card pathways for individuals who have been victims of crime or abuse, offering protection and a chance for a new life. These humanitarian-based visas are designed to assist those who have suffered severe hardship, but they require strong evidence and can take years to process. VAWA (Violence Against Women Act) The VAWA self-petition allows individuals who have been abused by a U.S. citizen or Green Card holder (spouse, parent, or child) to apply for a Green Card without the abuser’s involvement. This is available to both men and women, though it’s often associated with domestic abuse situations. Eligibility: You must prove that you were subjected to battery or extreme cruelty and that the relationship was real. Process: You file Form I-360 (Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant), and once approved, you can adjust your status to a Green Card holder. U Visa (For Crime Victims) The U Visa is for victims of serious crimes like assault, domestic violence, sexual trafficking, and others who help law enforcement investigate or prosecute the crime. This visa is intended to protect victims who might be scared to report crimes due to fear of deportation. Eligibility: You must have been the victim of a qualifying crime, be helpful to law enforcement, and be physically or mentally harmed. Process: You must submit Form I-918 along with supporting evidence, and after 3 years of holding a U Visa, you can apply for a Green Card. T Visa (For Human Trafficking Victims) The T Visa is specifically for victims of human trafficking who are in the U.S. and want to stay to help authorities investigate their traffickers. Eligibility: You must show you were a victim of severe trafficking, cooperate with law enforcement, and be physically present in the U.S. Process: You file Form I-914 (Application for T Nonimmigrant Status), and after 3 years of holding the visa, you may apply for a Green Card. These pathways exist to offer protection, but they require strong documentation (police reports, medical records, affidavits) to prove your claim. The process can take years, and applicants may face long waits for approval. You will need to show cooperation with law enforcement and provide proof of the abuse or crime. The bottom line is that If you’ve been a victim of crime or abuse, the U.S. offers important protection-based Green Cards, but the evidence requirements are tough and the waiting times can be lengthy. These routes exist to support victims, but they’re not quick and involve significant legal hurdles. 7. H-1B to Green Card & L-1 to EB-1C – The Work Visa Trap 🪤 Many people enter the U.S. on an H-1B visa, which is a skilled worker visa that allows employers to hire foreign professionals in specialty occupations. While the H-1B is a great way to work in the U.S., many try to convert it into a Green Card. But there’s a significant problem—the H-1B visa is lottery-based, and even if you win, the Green Card wait times for applicants from India and China are insanely long, often exceeding 10 years. How the process works for H-1B to Green Card: Your employer files for PERM labor certification (to prove no qualified U.S. workers are available for your role). Once that’s approved, you file for an I-140 immigrant petition. Finally, you can apply for Adjustment of Status (I-485) when your priority date becomes current. This can be a long, painful wait, especially if you're from a country with high demand like India or China. L-1 Visa to EB-1C – The Executive Route The L-1 visa is for employees of multinational companies who are transferred to a U.S. office. If you're an executive or manager, you might be eligible for EB-1C (a Green Card category for multinational executives). This can be a smooth pathway to a Green Card, but it’s only for high-level professionals in global companies. The L-1 to EB-1C route is only viable if you're working at a multinational company and hold a managerial or executive position. For H-1B holders, the visa backlogs for Indian and Chinese applicants can make the wait decades-long. The bottom line is that the H-1B to Green Card route can feel like a trap due to long waits, especially if you're from a country with a visa backlog. On the other hand, the L-1 to EB-1C path works, but it’s only for high-level executives at multinational companies. Neither route is easy, and both come with significant challenges. 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